Research record
Overview
Compound name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Common abbreviation: NAD⁺
Compound classification: Endogenous coenzyme; dinucleotide
Brief factual description:
NAD⁺ is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair, and intracellular signaling. NAD⁺ exists in oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms, enabling electron transfer essential for life.
Mechanism of Action
Primary biological targets: Oxidoreductase enzymes; NAD-dependent signaling enzymes
Affected systems: Metabolic, mitochondrial, nuclear, cellular signaling
Receptor selectivity: Not receptor-mediated
Downstream signaling effects:
Electron transfer in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38
Regulation of DNA repair, gene expression, and stress responses
